Roman Empire Notes Pt. 2

In class today, we continued looking at the powerpoint and taking notes. Here are my notes on the Roman Empire:

Caesar seizing power:
- serves as consul (one year)
- appoints himself governor of Gaul
- Pompey is jealous, becomes his rival
- Caesar's armies clash with Pompey's in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt (Caesar- winning)
- In 44 BC he is named dictator- first for six months, then for life

Caesar's Reforms:
- granted citizenship to people in provinces
- expanded the senate, adding his friends
- created the jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects
- increased pay for soldiers
- started colonies where those without land could own property

- Why? the senators saw Caesar's rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability
- How? they lured him into the senate, stabbing him 23 times, making sure all were involved
- Who? even Brutus, caesar's ally ("et tu, Brute?")
- senators weren't punished
- Octavian was named Julius Caesar' sole heir
- Basically, this is the end of the Republic

Aftermath to the murder:
- Julius Caesar's grandnephew- and adopted son- Octavian takes after at the age of 18! with his own triumvirate
- Mark Antony is an experienced general
- Lepidus is a powerful politician
- This is the second triumvirate

A doomed alliance:
- Octavian forces the weak Lepidus to retire
- He and Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt
 personally, politically, and economically
- Octavian defeats them at the battle of Actium

Octavian on his own:
- he is now the unchallenged ruler of Rome
- he was given the honorific "Augustus" ("exalted one"
- he was also given the title "imperator"
- supreme military commander
- this is where we get the work "emperor"
- Now Rome is an Empire, not a Republic

Octavian ain't no Tarquin:
- 40 years of ruling as emperor (27 BC to AD 14)\
- He began a stable era of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
- Pax Romana was 207 years long
- 27 BC to AD 180


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