Punic Wars Notes

The following notes are on the Punic Wars which were fought between Rome and Carthage:

That's a Roman legion, clear as day:
- 5,000 soldiers, not in it for pay (not yet)
- The Roman army's elite heavy infantry
- recruited exclusively from Roman citizens
- group of eighties a century
- on horseback is the cavalry
- shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic

Fighting against Carthage in wars that are Punic:
- the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)
- Rome vs. Carthage
- three wars

Two empires fighting for control:
- first punic war (264-241 BCE)
- naval battles for control of the strategically located island of Sicily
- Rome wins this one

The (Carthaginian) empire strikes back:
- second punic war (218-201 BCE)
- 29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome
- attacks Rome from the North after crossing Iberia (Spain) and the Alps
- lays siege to much of the peninsula for 15 years, but he can never get to Rome (Rome 2- Carthage 0)

Third (and final) Punic War (149-146 BCE)
- Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage
- Scipio, Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city
- Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed
- When the war ended, the last 50,000 people in the city were sold into slavery
- The rest of Carthage's territories were annexed, and made into the Roman province of Africa

Economic change, social upheaval:
- slaves poured into Italy (50,000 Carthaginians, 150,000 Greek POWs, etc.)  
- by the end of the second century BCE there was over a million slaves in Italy
- small farmers lost their land to aristocrats (for little or no money) if they couldn't pay their debts, sometimes because the men of the farms were fighting battles
- slaves did the work on the farms for the rich
- the big farms became massive estates called latifundia
 

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